Where these claims come from

1. 01

   Institutions often adopt the visible form of successful systems without their function, and performance does not follow.

   Andrews, Pritchett & Woolcock — Building State Capability / isomorphic mimicry and PDIA

   Source

2. 02

   Training transfer to on-the-job behaviour is the weak link: learning gains routinely fail to reach practice and results.

   Kirkpatrick four-level evaluation literature; transfer-of-training research

   Source

3. 03

   Health-system results depend on the whole system, not single-component training inputs.

   WHO — health systems strengthening building blocks

   Source

4. 04

   Technical assistance and capacity-support operations underperform when incentives, governance and financing are unaddressed.

   World Bank Independent Evaluation Group — capacity development evaluations

   Source

5. 05

   Implementation outcomes depend on context, inner and outer setting, and process — not on the intervention alone.

   CFIR — Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research

   Source

Worked examples inside ImpactZ are labelled as illustrations for teaching where they are not drawn from a named, published case. Scores you enter are your own judgements — the tool records the evidence note and confidence level you attach to each one so that a weak basis is never mistaken for a finding.